designers were allowed to design the production processes for a
maximum temperature of 95 °C from the outset. "This means
that a high-temperature heat pump for a temperature swing of
70 to 80 K naturally works with a much higher COP than a HTHP
for a temperature swing of 100 K and more," the Sintef scientist
elaborated on the differences between old and new buildings in
the introduction.
In case study 1, the energy supply consists of an existing ammonia
chiller consisting of four machines that cool water from 4
°C down to ice water of 0.5 °C in the cycle. Furthermore, there
is a CO2 heat pump in the dairy for a hot water demand of approximately
75 °C. This HTHP is used to clean the machines and
equipment and the rooms with tap water of 10 °C before heating.
The third existing heat generator station is made up of a combination
of district heating, an oil boiler and an electric heater, which
provide the process hot water for food production. This flows to
the production line at 115 °C and returns at 95 °C. The case study
investigated the possibility of integrating a new type of HTHP into
industrial processes of existing dairies based on the retrofit carried
out. The study team compared the process and performance parameters
as well as the potential savings in terms of primary energy
and CO2 emissions with a conventional reference system.
For use in the typical operating range of 0 °C to 120 °C for ice
and hot water production, the natural refrigerants propane (R290)
and butane (R600) can be used in a cascade. The advantages of
R290 and R600 in cascade are moderate operating pressures, a
high achievable temperature range, the availability of standard
components and a classic refrigeration installation. Due to the
requirements of the EU's F-Gas Regulation and environmental
YEASTUP
Innovative upcycling
Sustainable ingredients
from brewer´s yeast
Yeastup AG, pioneers in the field of
sustainable use of spent brewer's
yeast, provide nutritional proteins
and dietary fibers for the food, beverage
and cosmetics industries. Yeastin
is a top-quality, highly versatile
protein source that is also natural and
sustainable. Other products derived
from the cell wall of yeast include
beta-glucans and mannans, which are
marketed under the UpFiber brand.
The goal of the founders is to make
a real contribution to sustainability
and the circular economy: Their vegan
proteins and polysaccharides have the
smallest possible carbon footprint
and require neither arable land nor
irrigation.
Technology/IT & News ¦ IDM
protection, only natural refrigerants were considered. The regulation
governs the industrial use of fluorinated greenhouse gases (Fgases,
for example refrigerants) and aims to reduce Europe-wide
emissions of these climate-relevant gases by 70 per cent by 2030
compared to 1990. Although Norway is not an EU member, it is
part of the European Economic Area (EEA). This means that the
Scandinavians, like Iceland and Liechtenstein, have to follow the
EU's internal market rules without being able to determine them
themselves.
HTHP: The developers opted for an internally cascaded system
that connects two circuits in series, namely a low-temperature
circuit with propane and a high-temperature circuit with butane
as the refrigerant. The low-temperature circuit transfers its heat
directly to the butane circuit in the condenser/evaporator. The cascade
with a capacity of about 300 kW operates with a combined
coefficient of performance of 3.4 plus/minus 0.3. Schlemminger:
"Propane boils under atmospheric conditions somewhere at minus
40 °C and butane at 0 °C. The two refrigerants thus complement
each other well. The two refrigerants therefore complement each
other well. The low-temperature circuit keeps the temperature up
to 35 or 40 °C, and the butane then adds another 85 K, i.e. up
to over 120 °C. The volume flow of the process hot water is controlled
depending on the load."
CO2 heat pump also cooling
The plant engineers integrated the HTHP into the return line of
the ice water generator. The propane-butane heat pump thus uses
the waste heat from the dairy products production line, which the
return line transports to the chiller. The control system feeds the
ice water produced here into a storage tank with a capacity of 300
In collaboration with engineering companies and
the University of Life Sciences FHNW based in
Switzerland, Yeastup developed a gentle process
to extract the ingredients of the cells of spent
brewer's yeast and remove off-notes, as well as
the natural residues from the brewing process.
The result is a protein powder that convinces with
highest purity and quality, and, importantly, a
neutral taste (photo: Yeastup)
The brand Yeastin comprises vegan
proteins obtained by upcycling spent
brewer's yeast. Using a newly developed
process, the cell walls are gently
disrupted to release the nutrients.
The result is a high-quality protein
with an excellent nutritional profile
that is as valuable as that of animal
proteins. Thanks to its neutral taste
and high solubility, Yeastin can be
used in a wide range of applications
– predominantly meat and dairy alternatives.
Furthermore, its numerous
and versatile functionalities mean it
News
can also act as an emulsifier or foaming
agent, and thus replace eggs in
vegan formulations, for example.
In addition to the Yeastin proteins
and the polysaccharides brand Up-
Fiber, Yeastup offers support with
product development and formulation.
The company is also aiming to
collaborate with food and cosmetics
manufacturers on future product
development, and is looking to add
tailor-made compounds and blends
to its portfolio.
May/June 2022 ¦ international-dairy.com · 37
/international-dairy.com
